Addition: And
The word "and" is used to connect similar ideas or add information. It shows that two or more things are happening together or are related.
Examples:
- Ahmed did his homework and watched TV.
- I like potatoes and tomatoes.
- Bilal and Kamal are playing video games.
Reason / Cause: Because, Since
Use "because" and "since" to explain why something happens. They answer the question "why?" and show the cause of something.
Because / Since = The Reason
Examples:
- I work hard because I want to succeed.
- Since he paid attention in class, Kamal succeeded.
Note: "Since" and "because" have the exact same meaning in this context. You can use them interchangeably!
Result / Outcome: So
The word "so" shows the result or consequence of an action.
Examples:
- The company is expanding, so they are taking on extra staff.
- It was raining, so we stayed at home.
- I have a stomach-ache, so I can't go to school.
Opposition: But
The word "but" is used to show contrast or opposition between two ideas. It connects two opposite statements.
Examples:
- He works hard, but he doesn't earn much.
- Chinese products are cheap, but they are of low quality.
- I like ice cream, but I really love chocolate.
Exercise 1: Complete the Sentences
Type the correct linking word into the blanks below based on the original sentence.
1. Adil works very hard he wants to help his parents.
2. I like ice cream I like chocolate.
3. Salma didn't revise her lessons, she didn't pass the test.
4. I feel hungry, I don't want to eat.
5. They did their best, they lost the match.
6. I'm on a diet, I'm overweight. (Hint: cause)
Exercise 2: Choose the correct word
1. I go to the gym to keep fit
meet my friends.
2.
there are no parks near my house, I go to the forest.
3. I like the countryside
the people there are friendly.
4. The bus is cheap
it's often crowded.
Textbook Exercise Correction (p60)
- Jamila has a sore throat, so she can't sing today.
- Amine must see the doctor because he is sick.
- Nawal can play the piano, but she can't play the guitar.
- Bill has the flu, and his sister has an earache.
- Alice can't see the doctor because she doesn't have an appointment.
- Alan is very sick, so he can't go to work.
- The doctor is here, but he can't see you now.
- Samir has a fever, a runny nose, and a sore throat.